Online Fraud, E-Crime, and Internet Scams Essay examples -- Computers

Online Fraud, E-Crime, and Internet Scams In the mid-1980’s, PC related wrongdoings showed up in the United States. PC related violations have now produced into Internet wrongdoings, and have raised issues with respect to Internet security. Basically, the Internet has become a play area for criminal naughtiness. Essentially, 21st-century innovation and Internet availability are giving fields to crooks to utilize antiquated procedures to exploit shoppers. As of late, Internet crime percentages have soar. The FTC detailed that over the most recent two years, Internet-related-shopping protests have ascended from being 10% of all customer grievances to 30% of purchaser objections. A year ago, 75% of online vendors were worried about online extortion and e-wrongdoing. This year, over 83% of online shippers are dreadful that online misrepresentation and e-wrongdoing could influence them. It is anticipated that this year alone, online Visa extortion will increment by 24%. Survivors of Online Fraud and E-Crime Lose Big Obviously, vendors are careful about online plans and tricks since when they are the victims†¦they continue gigantic misfortunes. Web exchanges made with a Mastercard are regarded as â€Å"card-not-present† exchanges. In this way, dealers have no review against charge card extortion. Basically, shippers are answerable for the money related harms of online extortion in light of the fact that lone charge card numbers are required for an online exchange and a cardholder’s mark isn't required. Additionally, Mastercard organizations require the shipper to pay $25 to $100 in control back expenses. In spite of the fact that the financial expenses to traders are considerable, most shippers state cash isn't their essential concern. Traders are progressively dreadful that whe... ...peech and security concerns. Toward the beginning of November, the British government declared it would burn through $35.79 million on a bundle to assist neighborhood with policing battle wafers and pedophiles who utilize the Internet. Pretty much every created country with Internet get to has as of late embraced steps to battle e-wrongdoing. End It appears as though overall endeavors are being centered around lessening cybercrime. Notwithstanding, there is actually no really powerful legal standard for rebuffing e-lawbreakers. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act permits crooks to sneak past its provisos, and European countries have quite recently as of late drafted enactment prohibiting on the web criminal conduct. For now, the most evident approach to abstain from succumbing to an e-criminal is to turn into an informed shopper and dodge Internet exercises that are known to be powerless to underhandedness and misrepresentation.

Bibliographical Study of Giovanni Boccaccio Essay

Bibliographical Study of Giovanni Boccaccio - Essay Example Giovanni Boccaccio spent his childhood in the slopes about Settignago in the forested areas over the Mensola and the valley of the Affrico. There is little data accessible with respect to his initial years. As indicated by the compositions of Giovanni , he had the option to peruse and compose at seven years old, further with Giovanni di Domenico Mazzuoli da Strada he started the investigation of punctuation. (Hutton, E. 12) After that Giovanni was set to consider Mathematics and the more he thought about bookkeeping and accounting, the more he abhorred it. As yet wanting to see the child prosperous in an old style way, Giovanni’s father sent him Naples to turn into a shipper. Giovanni composes later, that â€Å"If my dad had managed me I may have been among the incredible poets.† (Hutton, E. 19) Either along these lines or different, Giovanni wound up considering law, which, as it appears, he appreciated not any more at that point banking. The concentrating of the law p ermitted him to set up great contact with understudies. Humanists Barbato da Sulmona and Giovanni Barrili, and the scholar Dionigi da San Sepolcro ought to be stressed with regards to talking about the early impacts of Boccaccio. Giovanni figured out how to endure his stepmother until the occasion, when she brought forth his stepbrother †Francesco. The impressions of Giovanni back on his youth appear to be loaded up with distress and distress. (Hutton, E. 15-20). Boccaccio saw Maria d'Acquino, a wedded lady and normal girl of King Robert, in 1334 just because. The lady was the motivation of his initial works, when coming into his life, she never left him. The brilliant hair, sparkling eyes, and the milk-white skin, her affection was the best prize of his childhood. (Hutton, E. 30) Even however the way that Boccaccio discovered his motivation in a lady can barely be questioned, still there is no documental evidence that Maria at any point existed and was not a result of wild cre ative mind of perhaps the best essayist that had ever existed. The motivation behind why specific thought ought to be given to the early long stretches of Boccaccio and his first sentimental love is that these occasions pre-decided his further life. Maria acquainted Boccaccio with court and combined him to compose. 2. Petrarch: Lifelong Friend and Teacher In the wake of being gotten back to by father to Florence in 1341, Boccaccio met his deep rooted companion and ace Petrarch. Without a doubt, since the time the second in 1350, when Boccaccio met Petrarch, he was under his impact. This brought about a

Scarlet Letter Reflection Essays - English-language Films

Red Letter Reflection Nathaniel Hawthorne has an adequate explanation behind over and over creation reference to reflects all through his refined novel, The Scarlet Letter. The utilization of mirrors in the story fill a valuable need of giving the peruser a window to the character's spirit. The fact of the matter is constantly depicted in the creator's mirrors; along these lines, his contemplative gadgets will persistently call attention to the defects to whom looks in it. Hester's A has now become the most recognizable piece of not just her physical highlights, yet her otherworldly being. The impression of Pearl Prynne reveals her hard shell and draws out the forlornness, the guiltless wildness, and the wild magnificence inside her. Reverend Dimesdale's picture as it were transmits the dull, bleak truth of his polluting influences. The mirror Nathaniel Hawthorne puts before his characters, along these lines, centers around the domains that every onlooker endeavors to escape their general surroundings. In part two while Hester is remaining on the platform, she attempts to run from reality by thinking back of her childhood. At that point, she saw her own face, shining with juvenile magnificence, and lighting up all the inside of the dim mirror where she had been wont to look at it. Sadly, the mirror will never again give Hester that faultless reflection. Rather, the picture will consistently take after that of the breastplate at the representative's house in section seven, attributable to the curious impact of this curved mirror, the red letter was spoken to in misrepresented and colossal extents, in order to be extraordinarily the most noticeable highlight to her appearance. Ironically, the two images of her transgression and enduring, the red letter and Pearl, are presently the most noteworthy components of her life. Hester is no longer taken a gander at as a lady in the public eye, and in the reflect, she appeared to be totally taken cover behind it (the red letter). As for her kid, that look of devious cheerfulness was in like manner reflected in the reflect, with so much broadness and power of impact, that it made Hester Prynne feel as though it couldn't be the picture of her own youngster, however of a demon who was trying to form itself into Pearl's shape. Pearl's naughty looks are amplified in the reflecting surface to remind Hester that her youngster is in truth a some portion of the discipline of her transgression. When this shocking, elvish cast came into the kid's eyes while Hester was seeing her own picture in them. . . . she liked that she observed, not her own little representation, yet another face, in the little dark reflection of Pearl's eye. It was a face, fiendlike, loaded with grinning perniciousness, yet bearing the likeness of highlights that she had known full all things considered, through sometimes with a grin, and never with perniciousness in them. This is another marker in part six that Pearl's quality does in reality frequent Hester. It additionally talks reality that Roger Chillingworth isn't a similar man he used to be, and Hester will keep on being spooky by him moreover. Nathaniel Hawthorne's utilization of mirrors has a urgent impact in depicting the concealed side of Pearl Prynne. In spite of the fact that Pearl has a notoriety to be of black magic and gives the peruser an impression of being an imp, the youngster has a very delicate and charming soul that meanders on the opposite side of the reflecting surface. In section fourteen by the sea, Pearl arrived at a full stop, and peeped inquisitively into a pool, left by the resigning tide as a mirror for Pearl to see her face in. Forward peeped at her, out of the pool, with dim shimmering twists around her head and a mythical being grin in her eyes, the picture of a little house cleaner, whom Pearl, having no other companion, welcome to grasp her hand and run a race with her. The reflecting pool depicts Pearl as a guiltless and delightful kid who is forlorn. That is truly justifiable, for Pearl isn't care for the other kids; her lone two companions are nature and her mom, Hester. In part fifteen, Pearl played whimsically with her own picture in a pool of water, coaxing the apparition forward, and- - as it declined adventure - looking for a section for herself into its circle of indistinct earth and unreachable sky. Before long finding in any case, that it is possible that she or the picture was stunning, she turned somewhere else for better interest. Pearl's appearance is genuine, and section sixteen easily proceeds with this idea through another waterway - the creek in the woodland. Pearl took after the stream, because a mind-blowing current spouted from.

How does Shakespeare present the first meeting between Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

How does Shakespeare present the main gathering among Romeo and Juliet Essay The story Romeo and Juliet was composed generally between 1594-1595 by William Shakespeare, In Shakespeares time England was an all-Christian nation. All youngsters were brought into the world submersed into the Church of England. In those days the congregation was exceptionally exacting, in the event that somebody missed church without a decent reason they were rebuffed with a fine. Just young men had the option to go to schools, they began at four years old at insignificant school, here they adapted primarily how to peruse and compose. At seven years old if the young men father had the option to manage the cost of it, the kid had the option to language structure school, here they adapted mostly how to peruse and compose Latin. In people groups free occasions the most mainstream wellspring of diversion was to go to see a play, these were played in bars, corridors or yards, yet in 1599 Shakespeares Globe theater was fabricated. Theater was for everybody from infants to grown-up or fr om poor to rich, everyone was welcome. Most plays in the sixteenth Century were either; love, disaster, satire or riddle. Shakespeare likewise just has the primary characters talk in rhyming couplets, not the hirelings who are in the play to show the diverse social classes there were and just to present how well the ball is needed to go, and the exertion put in to make it a triumph.

Why E Cigarettes Are Healthier Than Traditional Cigarettes - 275 Words

Why E Cigarettes Are Healthier Than Traditional Cigarettes (Research Paper Sample) Content: Why E cigarettes are healthier than traditional cigarettesNameInstitutional AffiliationInnovation has brought about the revolution that has not left behind personal leisure. Smoking has been one of the recreational activities that some people find a lot of interest in this act. The technological transformation has moved the action a notch higher by introducing the e-cigarettes to replace the traditional cigarettes. With the introduction of E-cigarettes, there has been a debate whether the e-cigarettes are healthier than the traditional cigarettes. Surely it should be common knowledge that e-cigarettes are healthier than the traditional cigarettes.E-cigarettes from research carried out, show that they have reduced instances of cancer deaths. Research has shown that the traditional cigarettes increase incidence of lips, throats and lung cancer. It was because of this very reason that the e-cigarettes were invented to help the smokers. Further research revealed that ann ually about 1.5 million smokers die worldwide. The mortality rates of smokes if tallied, it was realized that in a group of ten smokers only three who smoke e-cigarettes would die (Primack et al. 2015). It is this very reason that makes it healthier than the traditional cigarettes.Traditional cigarettes are hazardous not only to the smokes but also to the environment. It releases a lot of smoke that pollutes the environment. Besides, the smoke polluting the environment, it also has a detrimental effect on the people around the smoker. E-cigarettes on the contrary never use matchsticks or emit smoke. It uses batteries which makes it environmentally friendly (Callahan-Lyon, 2014). Besides, it is not prone to causing accidents that often cause fire out breakages when carelessly disposed of by the smokers.E-cigarettes offer smokers a wide range of offers at low costs. It cost only $ 20 to $ 40 a month to smoke and maintain E-cigarettes compared to the costs that are spent on a daily ba sis on traditional cigarettes. Research has it that despite the fact that e-cigarettes have no restriction of smoking zones which gives the smokers the liberty to smoke anywhere and anytime, it reduces instances of addictions, unlike the traditional cigarettes that though its nicotine causes addiction to the smokers.Smokers would wish to be discreet concerning their vaping act. E-cigs offers them that chance since it does not produce smokes that would stick on their shirts, ties or caps. Instead, the smoke released by traditional cigars ...

A formative analysis of securities within the financial market - Free Essay Example

Unexpected changes in money supply can be due to tax actions, changes in interest rates, changes in discount rates among other factors. Stock returns are generally positive or negative. In this essay, the motive is to find whether the statement, unexpected changes in money supply and stock returns are inversely related, holds ground or is not valid. To begin with, we will first look at the money supply process in brief and see which factors affect stock return. Post this we will confirm the empirical validity of this statement with the help of evidence available in the literature. The Money Supply Process Bodie, Kane, Marcus and Mohanty (2009, p.592) explain that the Government can manipulate the money supply through the use of fiscal and monetary policies. Fiscal policy refers to government spending and tax actions and is considered the most direct way to stimulate or slow the economy. Federal Reserve System (FED) determines the monetary policy which generally functions through its impact on interest rates. Short term interest rates decrease due to increase in money supply, ultimately encouraging investment and consumption demand. Over long periods, however, most economists believe a higher money supply leads to higher price levels. An example of monetary policy functioning through open market operations can be illustrated as below: *Note: Unlike us, the FED can pay for security without drawing down funds at a bank account From Bodie, Kane, Marcus and Mohanty (2009), we can narrow down the following factors related to money supply affect stock return: Inflation Interest rate (discount rate) Monetary growth Empirical Evidence Whether unexpected changes in money supply are positively or negatively related to stock returns seems to be a topic debated by many researchers. At one end where many international researchers have found a significant negative relationship (Bodie, 1976; Jaffe and Mandelker, 1976; Fama and Schwert, 1977; Amihud, 1996; Hu and Willett, 2000; Hagmann and Lenz, 2004), on the other hand a positive relationship is proved by quite a few researchers (Fama, 1981; Geske and Roll, 1983; Kaul, 1987; Zhao, 1999; Luintel and Paudyal, 2006). Effect of Discount Rate/ Interest rate on Stock return Chen et al. (1999) found that equity returns generally respond negatively and significantly to the unexpected announcements of discount rates. They reason this out by stating: A discount rate increase, ceteris paribus, decreases the expected future equity cash flows because firms must borrow at a higher cost. At the same time, the increase also raises the risk-free rate which, in turn, increases the required rate equity investors use to discount the future cash flows. As a result, an unexpected increase in market interest rates depresses equity prices, and, therefore, one would expect an unexpected change in the Federal Reserve discount rate to cause changes in equity prices. However, there have been contrasting views relating to the pre-1979 period. Research carried out by Smirlock and Yawitz (1985 cited in Thorbecke and Alami, 1994, p.14) have found that changes in the discount rate had no effect on the NYSE index over the pre-1979 period. Pearce and Roley (1985 cited in Thorbecke and Alami, 1994, p.14) did find that innovations in the weekly money supply announcements lowered stock prices during this period. A further research by Thorbecke and Alami (1994), over the September 1974 to September 1979 period, concludes that the Fed raising (lowering) the federal funds rate target caused stock prices to decline (increase) immediately. Effect of Inflation on stock re turn The rate at which general levels of prices rise is called inflation (Bodie, Kane, Marcus and Mohanty, 2009) According to the efficient market hypothesis, stock prices are a sign of all available public information; therefore, only the unexpected inflation rate, which contains new information, will influence stock returns at the time when the announcement is released (Joyce and Read, 2002). Consistent with the efficient market hypothesis, L. Li et al. (2010) found that the expected inflation rate has very little impact on stock returns while the unexpected inflation rate has a statistically significant and negative effect on stock returns. Amihud (1996) states The evidence that stock prices are affected by unexpected inflation seemed puzzling given that stocks are claims on income generated by real assets. But unexpected inflation indicates an economic shock, hence its effect depends on its source. Aggregate demand shocks should create positive correlation between th e resulting unexpected inflation and stock prices, whereas aggregate supply shocks should create negative correlation. The research on Israel concluded that inflation has a significant negative effect on stock prices. The effect of inflation on stock returns, in terms of time horizons is cited by Luintel and Paudyal (2006) in their research. They state, event studies, which look at the effects of inflation announcements on stock returns, report a negative relation between inflation and stock returns (e.g., Amihud 1996). Short-horizon studies that use monthly data covering what is typically 10 to 15 years also report either a negative or an insignificant relation between stock returns and inflation (e.g., Jaffe and Mandelker 1976). In contrast, long-horizon studies (e.g., Boudoukh, Richardson, and Whitelaw 1994) and studies that test for cointegration between stock and commodity price indexes (e.g., Ely and Robinson 1997) find a positive and significant relation between stock retu rns and inflation. Effect of monetary growth on stock returns Paudyal (1990) points out that money growth and stock returns are inversely related. Pearce and Roley (1983) shed more light on this topic. They infer that first, stock prices respond only to the unanticipated change in the money supply as predicted by the efficient markets hypothesis. Second, an unanticipated increase in the announced money supply depresses stock prices while an unanticipated decrease elevates stock prices. Third, the stock price response does not depend on the relationship of the money supply to the long-run ranges of the Federal Reserve. Using weekly data 1977-1982, they estimated the following model, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Pt= a + b (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Mat ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Met) + ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µt Where ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Pt is the percentage change in the stock price, ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Mat is the announced change in the money stock, and ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Met is the expected change in the money stock. They estimated the model for three sub-periods and obtained a negative estimate of b parameter in each sub-period. Conclusion As stated earlier, unexpected changes in money supply can be due to tax actions, changes in interest rates, changes in discount rates among other factors. Stock returns are generally positive or negative. In this essay, I initially explained the money supply process. Next, we studied some empirical evidence to check if unexpected changes in money supply had an inverse effect on stock return or not. Although few results did state the otherwise, most results showed that factors which affect money supply did have an inverse effect on stock returns. In conclusion we can further look at a few more precise points made in certain research papers. Chen et al. (1999) find that few equity returns respond negatively and significantly to the unexpect ed announcements of discount rate changes, while the expected changes generally have no bearing on the equity returns. On average, stock returns change by 0.5% for every 10 basis point change in the discount rate. Equity returns measured by the Dow Jones industrial index respond rather rapidly to the unexpected announcement of discount rate changes. Within the trading period/hour after the information is released, the market impounds the information. Hardouvelis (1987) has discussed, a higher real interest rate would reduce stock prices because firstly it would curtail real activity and hence earnings and secondly it would increase the discount rate at which those earnings were discounted. L. Li et al. (2010) determine that 1 day returns of the FTA fall by 0.17% in response to an increase in the unexpected inflation rate of 1% on the announcement day. Therefore, an unexpected increase in the inflation rate is considered bad news for the stock market since this leads to a reduc tion in stock prices. Thus through the empirical evidence we have assessed, we can infer that the statement unexpected changes in money supply and stock returns are inversely related, holds ground to a respectable extent.

Personal Statement On Motivation Management - 995 Words

In recent years, job satisfaction is a prevalent issue around the world. There are diverse methods to be successful in career, such as intrinsic and external motivation. Definition and conceptualisation of internal motivation is achieving the goals and aims personally and within favourable, and self-confirmation. However, it is within anticipation that some of the employees are indulged in external motivation of money and emphasises rewards. It can be argued that monetary rewards may lead to motivated and capable degradation. Therefore, it need to manage internal motivation to create job satisfaction. This essay will argue that internal motivation management could obtain satisfaction from a career. First, it may need to realise the job purpose and personal ideology in order to create the first satisfaction. Next, this is necessary to understand the workplace and the environment of a company owing to participate in society. Finally, to develop the last step of satisfaction is introspe ction and improve the weakness. Firstly, in order to create the basic job satisfaction it may need to be aware of oneself correctly, the aims of working, and mange internal motivation. In accomplishing the aims, identify which basic psychological needs is correspond with the first goal of career. Basically, it is within anticipation that there are a great deal of employees probably decide monetary rewards is the aim of jobs. However, Crabb (cited in Owler 2012, p. 66) suggest that, theShow MoreRelatedEssay On Health Care Development1509 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst section of this paper discusses the description of the proposed unit including a mission statement, prioritized values, and an organizational chart depicting how all employees from the unit are connected. This is followed by a description of my preferred leadership style and managerial role, empowerment strategies, conflict resolution, and important interventions. Strong leadership, effective management, clear goals, and objectives are key elements for cr eating a successful new healthcare unitRead MoreThe Impact Of Expectancy Theory On The Individual Values1649 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A job will only be motivating if it leads to rewards that the individual values†, before considering the statement it is first important to understand motivation. Motivation is a broad, decision-making concept in which behaviour can be commenced and conducted, by a desire for fulfilment (Huczynski and Buchanan, 1991). Having a motivated workforce is vital for a firm’s productivity and growth, however how best to motivate employees is subject to much debate, with many theories providing conflictingRead MorePersonal Vision Statement : My Vision751 Words   |  4 PagesVision Statement Introduction I am writing this statement as a declaration of my personal vision. It will serve as a guide to help ensure that my actions are corresponding to what I envision. This personal vision statement is designed to help facilitate my purpose, unforeseen obstacles, and how to manage theses obstacles. A great deal of thought has gone into constructing this vision statement and I hope that within time these endeavors fill me with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. MyRead MoreSummary. In This Article, The Most Crucial Part Is Investing1228 Words   |  5 Pagesarticle, the most crucial part is investing in reskilling current employees. 65% of the respondents will take on this approach with future workforce strategies. Ryan Frishmann, the author of this article, says that he does somewhat agrees with the statement â€Å"Hire for character, train for skill.† He believes that if you invest in skill and training that character will come out of it because diligence is required when applying these skills. The article mentions two skills that are very important. TheseRead MoreWhat Is Selfless Service Or Servant Leadership?1066 Words   |  5 PagesGroup Consensus     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In reviewing the various topics studied in the textbook Resilient Leadership by Maj. Gen. Robert Dees,  in conjunction with Satterlee’s textbook Organizational Management Leadership,  the group  was in accord choosing  the  underlined  topics/concepts, which are: selfless service or servant leadership, vision, wisdom, integrity and empowering others.  Group Four felt that these  topics /  concepts are important for organization’s leaders,  since they  will  most definitely  improve  theRead MoreManagement Position Of A Nonprofit Organization1159 Words   |  5 PagesIn the near future, I can imagine myself in a management position of a nonprofit organization as the Director of Programs. This role is responsible for the operational success of the organization ensuring ideal team management and development, program delivery, and quality control and evaluation. Additionally, this title will manag e a growing staff as well as manage relationships in the community. Taking on such a task requires leadership skills in addition to establishing standards of performanceRead MoreThe Management Of The Industrial Market1186 Words   |  5 Pages The manager’s profession is one of the most required in the industrial market. Business cannot exist without a manager. The word â€Å"management† stands for, â€Å"The working with and through other people to accomplish the objectives of both the organization and its member’s.† Every organization works manager at the company, which has its head. Its main duty is included in the company’s internal processes and their combination with external processes. It is important to manage growing demand, whileRead MoreKey Indicators or Factors in the Motivation of Employees889 Words   |  4 Pages UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, JERUSALEM CAMPUS - ACCRA RESEARCH PROPOSAL THE KEY INDICATORS OR FACTORS IN THE MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYESS- A CASE STUDY OF GHANA PORTS AND HARBOUR AUTHORITY BY DOGBEY K. GERSHON ( AC/09/WDS/1064) Abstract The study examined the ranked importance of motivational factors of employees at The Ghana Ports amp; Harbours Authority Human Resource Department,Research and Public Relation Department. The hand-delivered descriptive survey addressed ten motivatingRead MoreAnalyze How Theories Of Motivation And Human Behavior Impact1626 Words   |  7 Pagestheories of motivation and human behavior impact strategies of change management Behavioral management theory was developed in response to the need to account for employee behavior and motivation. The shift moved management from a production orientation (classical leadership theory) to a leadership style focused on the workers human need for work- related satisfaction and good working conditions before theorists started writing about employee satisfaction and good working conditions, management consideredRead MoreThe Lack Of Leadership Management1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lack of Leadership The management problem is about a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Precision Imaging Centers (PIC), which affects the corporate guidance, display ineffective communication skills, lack of employee motivation, presents questionable actions of moral leadership, and inspire the need for corporate change. First of all, the CEO does not present a mission for the PICs corporation and no vision can be formed; therefore, lacks corporate direction and lacks supportive communication